Pengaruh Teknologi 5G terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Jaringan Telekomunikasi di Indonesia

This article examines the influence of 5G technology on telecommunications network performance in Indonesia during 2021–2025. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a narrative synthesis design, combining recent literature, industry performance reports, and policy documents. To support trend interpretation, 2021–2025 simulated indicators are included to illustrate changes in coverage, throughput, latency, and network capacity. The findings indicate that 5G adoption is associated with improved user experience, particularly in higher throughput and lower latency, while network capacity increases due to better spectrum utilization and modernization of radio access and core systems. However, the benefits are not evenly distributed, as limited mid-band spectrum availability, uneven site densification, and connectivity challenges in crowded areas remain key constraints. The study concludes that performance gains from 5G require not only radio upgrades but also spectrum readiness, transport/backhaul strengthening, indoor coverage strategies, and consistent risk governance for cybersecurity and service reliability.