Analisis Penerapan Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dalam Sistem Smart City untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Energi

This study analyzes the application of Internet of Things (IoT) in smart city systems to improve energy efficiency during 2021–2025. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a narrative study design, the research synthesizes recent scientific literature, smart city governance documents, and technology trend reports, complemented by 2021–2025 simulated indicators to illustrate adoption and performance patterns. The findings show that IoT deployment—especially in smart street lighting, smart buildings, and energy monitoring—tends to reduce energy waste by enabling real-time sensing, adaptive control, predictive maintenance, and usage transparency. However, the benefits are moderated by governance readiness, data interoperability, cybersecurity risks, and unequal digital infrastructure across regions. The study concludes that energy efficiency gains in smart cities require not only IoT devices, but also robust data governance, cross-sector integration, and sustained digital literacy for operators and citizens.